| • | Tea used for rheumatism, cold and stomachache [Innu: 72]. |
| • | Sap : | Drunk for worms [Algonquin 68; Montagnais 70]. Boiled and drunk as a blood medicine [Dene 17]. |
| • | Bark : | Used to treat venereal disease [Cree 95]. Decoction or tea drunk as a vermifuge [Abenaki 67; Algonquians 63; Algonquin 68; Montagnais 70]. , to treat stomach disorders, or diabetes [Cree 96]. Steeped and used for cold [Algonquians 63; Mi'kmaq 60]. Small squares placed under the tongue to treat a stomachache or against blood spitting [Cree 13]. A strip about the length of the human heart cut at heart height on the south side of a mature tree is chewed and the juice swallowed as a heart medicine [Cree 13]. Small strip of fresh green bark chewed and swallowed for relief from food poisoning or diarrhoea [Metis 13]. Infusion drunk to treat cancer and diabetes [Cree 13]. Decoction drunk to treat stomachache, diarrhoea [Cree 13]. , fever and cough [Dene 13]. Mixed with buds of Populus balsamifera in a decoction drunk to treat diabetes [Cree 13]. White "dust" on the bark (crustose lichens and dead tree periderm) applied to cuts and wounds to stop bleeding [Dene 13]. or used as a styptic [Cree 95]. Boiled and used in boils [Algonquin 75]. Chewed and applied to cuts as a poultice [Chippewa 47; Ojibwa 87]. |
| • | Inner bark : | Used in diabetes [Cree 77]. , as a laxative or cough remedy [Cree 66]. Boiled and used as a tonic [55]. Poultice used on sore arm or leg [Ojibwa 87]. Chewed and juice swallowed to treat heart problems [Cree 96]. Used to cover wounds to stop bleeding [Cree 93]. |
| • | Leaves : | Chewed or crushed fresh and applied to bee or wasp stings [Cree 95; Cree, Dene 13; Chipewyan 92]. , or on mosquito bites or cuts [Cree 13]. Boiled and drunk as a medicine [Dene 17]. |
| • | Buds : | Used for toothache [Cree 13]. |
| • | Seeds : | Eaten to cause an abortion [Dene 13; Chipewyan 92]. |
| • | Roots : | Steeped with roots of Populus balsamifera and given to slow heavy menstrual flow [Chippewa 47]. Grated and boiled into a sirup for rheumatisms and numb articulations [Atikamekw 73]. |
| • | Rotten wood : | Powder used for skin rash [Dene 101]. |