| Uses: | | • | Inner bark : | Extract used in lung trouble and chest pain [Chippewa 91]. Mixed with inner bark of Quercus rubra and Populus tremuloides, root, bud and blossom of Populus balsamifera and root of Polygala senaga in a decoction used for heart troubles [Ojibwa 47]. | | • | Bark : | Used as an astringent, to bandage a broken foot or leg [Ojibwa 87]. Decoction used as a laxative [91]. | | • | Roots : | Decoction taken to treat cramps [Ojibwa 47]. |
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