| • | Medicinal [Ojibwa: 86]. Boiled and poured into the ear to treat earache [Mi'kmaq: 43]. Decoction used in dysentery [Ojibwa: 47]. |
| • | Bark : | Tea used as a hemostatic [Ojibwa 86]. |
| • | Inner bark : | Used in combination with other planst as an astringent [Ojibwa 86]. |
| • | Flowers : | Steeped and used for sore eyes [Ojibwa 86]. Chewed to cure sore mouth. Drink taken as a remedy for asthma [Ojibwa 85]. |
| • | Leaves : | Used in poultices [Ojibwa 86]. or to wash sore mouth [Ojibwa 85]. |
| • | Fruits : | Used as a throat cleanser [Ojibwa 86]. |
| • | Roots : | Steeped to make a drink to treat cold or used as an emetic [Ojibwa 85]. |