| • | Whole plant : | Mixed with that Vaccinium myrtilloides in a tea taken to trigger menstruation [Cree 95]. |
| • | Stem : | Mixed with Vaccinum myrtilloides in a decoction taken to prevent miscarriage and speed up recovery after childbirth [Cree 95]. |
| • | Stem, leaves and fruits : | Decoction drunk for pain in the back and sprained back [44]. Leaves and fruits Tonic [Mi'kmaq 62]. |
| • | Leaves : | Decoction drunk to treat bladder and kidney problems [Metis 13]. Dried and pulverized and combined with tobacco or red willow and smoked with a pipe to treat headache [Chippewa 47]. or intoxication [Ojibwa 86]. |
| • | Fruits : | Mixed with grease and taken against diarrhoea [Cree 95]. |
| • | Roots : | Tea drunk to treat a persistent cough [Dene 13; Chipewyan 92]. Mixed with herbs and given in excessive menstrual bleeding [Cree 95]. |
| • | Bark : | Tea with bark and root of Salix discolour, Pinus strobus, Quercus rubra and Pinus banksiana given in fainting and fits [Ojibwa 86]. |