| Uses: | | • | Mixed with mayapple, wild sarsaparilla, wild spikenard, burdock, Taraxacum officinale, prickly ash, black berry, sassafras, prince's pine, and black birch in a decoction used as a "spring and fall medicine" [Ojibwa: 85]. Steeped and taken as a blood flow regulator to prevent heart attacks [Mi'kmaq: 62]. Tea used in colds, headaches, and general discomforts [Atikamekw: 73; Algonquin: 69]. | | • | Leaves : | Used for colds, chewed to improve breathing [Algonquin 55]. Tea used to cure rheumatism and as a tonic [Ojibwa 87]. Used to make a chest plaster to treat cold [Atikamekw 73]. | | • | Fruits : | Used as a stimulant and diuretic [Algonquin 55]. |
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