| • | Decoction used in a steam treatment to trigger menstruation [Cree: 95]. Tea used to treat stomach pain [Dene: 100]. |
| • | Cones : | Boiled to make a tea to treat venereal disease in men [Chipewyan 92]. |
| • | Stem : | Tea taken for stomach pain [Chipewyan 92]. |
| • | Inner bark : | Tea used against diarrhoea [Montagnais 71]. |
| • | Bark : | Boiled and drunk to treat stomach ache, or cooled and rubbed on skin to heal sores, scabs, eczema, insect bites, sunburns, rashes and aching joints [Dene 99]. |
| • | Buds : | Chewed and juice swallowed for cold. Boiled and drunk for cold or applied to sores, or used for bathing to soothe eczema and rashes [Dene 99]. |
| • | Roots : | Mashed and eaten to help with stomach ache [Dene 99]. |
| • | Leaves : | Chewed or crushed and put on bee stings [Dene 100]. |