| • | Berries : | Taken as a heart medicine [Dene 17]. |
| • | Leaves : | Tea used to give strength to women giving birth and to aid the process [Metis 13]. |
| • | Stem : | Dried and boiled to make a decoction for treating fever [Cree 13]. |
| • | Roots : | Cooled decoction used as eye drops to treat soreness such as from snow blindness [Dene 13; Chipewyan 92]. Tea from root bark used to heal sore eyes [Ojibwa 87]. Boiled with birch inner bark and the vapor inhaled to treat asthma [Cree 13]. Tea used against diarrhoea [Algonquin 69; Innu 72]. Boiled and used to treat bloody urine [Atikamekw 73]. |
| • | Runners : | Steeped and the liquid taken for stomach problems [Mi'kmaq 62]. |
| • | Roots and stem : | Mixed with other plants in a decoction used as a drink for children with diarrhoea, or used to wash skin infections [Cree, Dene 13]. Decoction used to treat teething pain, to help women recover after childbirth, and to slow menstrual bleeding [Cree 95]. |
| • | Leaves and fruits : | Used as a tonic and diarrhoea remedy [Mi'kmaq 62]. |
| • | Stem and leaves : | Tea drunk to treat diarrhoea [Dene 100]. |