| Uses: | | • | Used as an abortive [Abenaki: 67]. or as a blood medicine [Ojibwa: 86]. Juice used in wound infection [Mi'kmaq: 61]. | | • | Rhozomes : | Used as a tonic [Algonquin 69]. | | • | Roots : | Used to cure sore throat [Ojibwa 87]. or prevent bleeding [Algonquians 63; Mi'kmaq 60]. Chewed for heart trouble [Algonquin 69]. Steeped in water and given in consumption, applied to cuts, and taken for bleeding piles [Malecite 65]. Steeped and given for tuberculosis [Mi'kmaq 62]. Mixed with Caulophyllum thalictroides in a decoction taken to treat stomach cramps [Ojibwa 47]. | | • | Rhizomes and roots : | Used as an irritant, narcotic, nauseant and emetic [Ojibwa 88]. |
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